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Vitamin D status and the immune assessment in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome.
Legitimo, A, Bertini, V, Costagliola, G, Baroncelli, GI, Morganti, R, Valetto, A, Consolini, R
Clinical and experimental immunology. 2020;(3):272-286
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Abstract
22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) is characterized by a heterogeneous phenotype, including alterations in phospho-calcium metabolism and immunodeficiency. We analyzed vitamin D status and the immune assessment, focusing on T cell subpopulations and dendritic cells (DCs) in a cohort of 17 pediatric 22q11.2DS patients and 17 age-matched healthy subjects. As antigen-presenting cells, DCs are the main target of vitamin D, promoting a tolerogenic T cell response. Patients were subdivided into three groups according to the parameters of phospho-calcium metabolism and serum levels of 25OHD: normal values, vitamin D deficiency and hypoparathyroidism. Different degrees of T cell deficiency, ranging from normal to partial T cell numbers, were observed in the cohort of patients. The group with vitamin D deficiency showed a significant reduction of naive T cells and a significant increase of central memory T cells compared to controls. In this group the number of circulating DCs was significantly reduced. DC decrease affected both myeloid and plasmacytoid DC subsets (mDCs and pDCs), with the most relevant reduction involving pDCs. A direct correlation between 25OHD levels and recent thymic emigrant (RTE) and DC number was identified. Despite the limited cohort analyzed, our results show that deficiency of the pDC subset in patients with 22q11.2DS may be included among the causative factors of the progressive increase of risk of autoimmune diseases in these patients. As most patients suffer from increased susceptibility to infections and heightened prevalence of autoimmune disorders, we suggest a potential role of vitamin D supplementation in preventing autoimmune or proinflammatory diseases in 22q11.2DS.
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Vitamin D Correction Down-Regulates Serum Amyloid P Component Levels in Vitamin D Deficient Arab Adults: A Single-Arm Trial.
Amer, OE, Khattak, MNK, Alnaami, AM, Aljohani, NJ, Al-Daghri, NM
Nutrients. 2020;(9)
Abstract
Vitamin D (VD) has been observed to have anti-inflammatory properties. However, the effects of VD supplementation on the serum amyloid P component (SAP) has not been established. This study aimed to investigate the effect of VD supplementation on serum SAP levels in Arab adults. A total of 155 VD-deficient adult Saudis (56 males and 99 females) were recruited in this non-randomized, 6-month, single-arm trial. The intervention was as follows; cholecalciferol 50,000 international units (IU) every week for the first 2 months, followed by 50,000 twice a month for the next two months, and for the last two months, 1000 IU daily. Serum 25(OH)D, SAP, C-reactive protein (CRP), lipid profile, and glucose were assessed at baseline and post-intervention. At post-intervention, VD levels were significantly increased, while SAP levels significantly decreased in all study participants. Remarkably, this reduction in SAP was more significant in males than females after stratification. SAP was inversely correlated with VD overall (r = -0.17, p < 0.05), and only in males (r = -0.27, p < 0.05) after stratification according to sex after 6 months of VD supplementation. Such a relationship was not observed at baseline. VD supplementation can favorably modulate serum SAP concentrations in Arab adults, particularly in males.
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High prevalence of severe hypovitaminosis D in patients with advanced gastric cancer treated with first-line chemotherapy with or without anti-EGFR-directed monoclonal antibody (EXPAND trial) showing no prognostic impact.
Obermannova, R, Valik, D, Hasenclever, D, Zdrazilova-Dubska, L, Hacker, U, Demlova, R, Selingerova, I, Lordick, F
European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990). 2019;:107-113
Abstract
PURPOSE The goal of our analysis was to study pretherapeutic circulating 25-OHD plasma levels in patients with previously untreated advanced gastric cancer treated in the randomised controlled phase III Erbitux (cetuximab) in combination with Xeloda (capecitabine) and cisplatin in advanced esophago-gastric cancer (EXPAND) trial (NCT00678535) and to explore whether low 25-OHD plasma levels are associated with worse prognosis and may compromise the clinical efficacy of cetuximab. METHODS Six hundred thirty patients with available pretherapeutic 25-OHD plasma levels and treated with chemotherapy based on capecitabine and cisplatin, or chemotherapy and cetuximab, were included. The Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to analyse the association between low 25-OHD and survival in both treatment arms. RESULTS Majority of study patients were found to have severe vitamin D deficiency. No prognostic impact of 25-OHD plasma levels could be found in our patient cohort, and there was no indication of an interference of 25-OHD plasma levels and the efficacy of treatment with the anti-epidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibody cetuximab. CONCLUSIONS Although majority of patients with advanced gastric cancer show hypovitaminosis D deficiency, there is no proof for a negative impact on survival or reduced treatment response. A prospective study is needed to investigate the potential benefit of vitamin D supplementation in this patient cohort during first-line chemotherapy.
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Maternal and neonatal 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and school-age lung function, asthma and allergy. The Generation R Study.
Mensink-Bout, SM, van Meel, ER, de Jongste, JC, Voortman, T, Reiss, IK, De Jong, NW, Jaddoe, VWV, Duijts, L
Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2019;(6):900-910
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency in early life might affect the developing lung and immune system, and subsequently influence the risk of asthma and allergy in later life. OBJECTIVE We examined the associations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in mid-gestation and at birth with lung function, asthma, inhalant allergic sensitization and inhalant allergy at school-age. METHODS This study among 4951 children and their mothers was embedded in a population-based prospective cohort in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Maternal venous blood samples in mid-gestation and umbilical cord blood samples at birth were used to determine 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations. At age 10 years, lung function was measured by spirometry, current asthma and physician-diagnosed inhalant allergy by questionnaire, and inhalant allergic sensitization by skin prick tests. We used multivariable regression models to examine associations. RESULTS Higher 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in mid-gestation were associated with a higher forced vital capacity (FVC), but a lower forced expiratory volume in 1 second/FVC (FEV1 /FVC) and a lower forced expiratory flow after exhaling 75% of FVC (FEF75 ) (Z-score differences [95% CI] 0.02 [0.00, 0.03], -0.02 [-0.03, -0.01] and -0.01 [-0.03, -0.00], respectively, per 10 nmol/L 25-hydroxyvitamin D), but not with asthma. Furthermore, higher 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in mid-gestation were associated with an increased risk of inhalant allergy (Odds Ratio [95% CI] 1.07 [1.02, 1.12]), but not with inhalant allergic sensitization. After additional adjustment for child's 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations at the age of 6 years, only the associations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in mid-gestation with FEV1 /FVC and FEF75 remained. We did not find consistent associations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations at birth with respiratory or allergy outcomes. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our results suggest that maternal 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in mid-gestation may influence lung development. The clinical implications of the observed associations remain unclear.
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Vitamin D3 supplementation and treatment outcomes in patients with depression (D3-vit-dep).
Hansen, JP, Pareek, M, Hvolby, A, Schmedes, A, Toft, T, Dahl, E, Nielsen, CT
BMC research notes. 2019;(1):203
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether vitamin D supplementation in patients with depression would result in a reduction in Hamilton D-17 depression score (primary outcome) at 3 and 6 months compared to controls and to explore the correlations between serum vitamin D and symptoms of depression, wellbeing, systolic blood pressure, and waist circumference. In this outpatient multicentre study conducted between 2010 and 2013, patients, 18-65 years old, diagnosed with mild to severe depression were randomly assigned to receive D supplementation 70 micrograms daily or placebo on top of standard treatment. Participants, care givers and those assessing the outcomes were blinded to group assignment. RESULTS At baseline, 23 patients had a normal 25(OH)D level, 22 had insufficiency (< 25 nmol/L), and 17 had deficiency (25-50 nmol/L). No significant reduction in depression was seen after vitamin D supplementation compared to placebo at Hamilton (18.4-18.0; p = 0.73 at 12 weeks). Vitamin D supplementation did not provide a reduction in symptom score among patients with depression. Trial registration The trial was registered in the National Board of Health (EudraCT: 2011-002585-20) and in ClinicalTrials.Gov (NCT01390662).